四、Prometheus监控实战之oracle11g数据库监控部署搭建

mahan

当前环境及方案
本次搭建使用的是oracledb_exporter包的无侵入部署，当前的exporter不支持11g、12c数据库环境，部署时需要替换成高版本的运行库文件，这个操作在生产环境是不被允许的，但是可以通过另一种方式的取代，数据库上只需要开放监控用户或提供system用户，实现无需数据库其他操作，提升了安全性

安装及部署
将oracledb_exporter包及oracle19c客户端上传到prometheus服务器上，默认端口9161
[root@prometheus opt]# ls -ltr
total 59160
drwxr-xr-x  2 1001 1002     4096 Apr  1  2025 node_exporter
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 55426624 Nov  5 11:06 oracle-instantclient19.28-basic-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   704216 Nov  5 11:06 oracle-instantclient19.28-sqlplus-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   614988 Nov  5 11:06 oracle-instantclient19.28-devel-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  3815100 Nov 11 12:05 oracledb_exporter.0.3.0rc1-ora18.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x  3 1001  118     4096 Nov 11 18:02 prometheus
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root     4096 Nov 12 10:41 grafana

安装运行库软件
[root@prometheus opt]# yum install libnsl

安装oracle客户端
[root@prometheus opt]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient19.28-basic-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
warning: oracle-instantclient19.28-basic-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:oracle-instantclient19.28-basic-1################################# [100%]
[root@prometheus opt]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient19.28-devel-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
warning: oracle-instantclient19.28-devel-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:oracle-instantclient19.28-devel-1################################# [100%]
[root@prometheus opt]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient19.28-sqlplus-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
warning: oracle-instantclient19.28-sqlplus-19.28.0.0.0-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:oracle-instantclient19.28-sqlplus################################# [100%]


创建oracle用户，并修改客户端目录权限
[root@prometheus opt]# useradd oracle
[root@prometheus opt]# echo oracle_4U|passwd --stdin oracle
[root@prometheus ~]# chown -R oracle:oracle /usr/lib/oracle/
[root@prometheus ~]# chmod -R 775 /usr/lib/oracle/

修改oracle用户的环境变量
[root@prometheus ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@prometheus ~]$ vim .bash_profile


export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64/lib

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64/bin

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64
# Source /root/.bashrc if user has one
[ -f ~/.bashrc ] && . ~/.bashrc

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/19.28/client64/lib
export DATA_SOURCE_NAME=system/oracle_4U@ORCL

测试sqlplus是否能用
[oracle@prometheus ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Nov 12 15:41:31 2025
Version 19.28.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2025, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified


Enter user-name:


创建监听文件
[oracle@prometheus ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@prometheus client64]$ mkdir network/admin -p
[oracle@prometheus client64]$ cd network/admin/
[oracle@prometheus admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.77.102)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

在/opt目录下解压oracledb_exporter包
[root@prometheus opt]# tar -xvf oracledb_exporter.0.3.0rc1-ora18.5.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@prometheus opt]# mv oracledb_exporter.0.3.0rc1-ora18.5.linux-amd64 oracledb_exporter
[root@prometheus opt]# chown -R oracle:oracle oracledb_exporter
测试运行
[root@prometheus opt]# su – oracle
[oracle@prometheus ~]$ cd /opt/oracledb_exporter/
[oracle@prometheus oracledb_exporter]$ ./oracledb_exporter -default.metrics default-metrics.toml
oracledb_exporter: error: unknown short flag '-d', try --help
[oracle@prometheus oracledb_exporter]$ ./oracledb_exporter --default.metrics default-metrics.toml
INFO[0000] Starting oracledb_exporter 0.3.0rc1           source="main.go:540"
INFO[0000] Successfully loaded default metrics from: default-metrics.toml  source="main.go:515"
INFO[0000] No custom metrics defined.                    source="main.go:530"
INFO[0000] Listening on :9161                            source="main.go:560"

验证数据收集是否运行
http://192.168.77.100:9161/metrics  --102数据库的收集信息

                               
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验证成功后可以后台运行
[oracle@prometheus oracledb_exporter]$ nohup ./oracledb_exporter --default.metrics default-metrics.toml &>/dev/null &

修改prometheus配置文件，添加oracle数据库收集信息
[root@prometheus ~]# cd /opt/prometheus/
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets:
          # - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: "linux"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.77.100:9100","192.168.77.102:9100"]

  - job_name: "windows"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.77.101:9182"]

  - job_name: "oracle"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.77.100:9161"]

[root@prometheus prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service

                               
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