[INS-10102] Installer Initialization Failed during Installation

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[INS-10002] Inventory Initialization Failed or [INS-10102] Installer Initialization Failed during Installation (Doc ID 1292347.1) To BottomTo Bottom
In this Document
Symptoms
Changes
Cause
Solution
References
APPLIES TO:
Oracle Database - Standard Edition - Version 11.2.0.1 and later
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 11.2.0.2 and later
Oracle Database Exadata Cloud Machine - Version N/A and later
Oracle Cloud Infrastructure - Database Service - Version N/A and later
Oracle Database Cloud Exadata Service - Version N/A and later
All Platforms
SYMPTOMS
OUI throws one of the  following errors:
1. Cause - An unexpected error occured while initializing the Installer. Action - Contact Oracle Support Services or refer logs Summary - [INS-10002] Inventory initialization failed
oraInstall<date>_<time>.err log shows:
---# Begin Stacktrace #---------------------------
ID: oracle.install.commons.util.exception.DefaultErrorAdvisor:8
oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.InstallerException: [INS-10102] Installer initialization failed.
at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.run(Installer.java:277)
at oracle.install.ivw.common.util.OracleInstaller.run(OracleInstaller.java:106)
at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:870)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:165)
at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:182)
at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:308)
at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.startup(ClientInstaller.java:87)
at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientInstaller.main(ClientInstaller.java:97)
Caused by: oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.SetupDriverException: [INS-10002] Inventory initialization failed
at oracle.install.driver.oui.OUISetupDriver.load(OUISetupDriver.java:385)
at oracle.install.ivw.client.driver.ClientSetupDriver.load(ClientSetupDriver.java:98)
at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.run(Installer.java:259)
... 7 more
---# End Stacktrace #-----------------------------

2. SEVERE: [FATAL] [INS-10102] Installer initialization failed.
CAUSE: An unexpected error occured while initializing the Installer.
ACTION: Contact Oracle Support Services or refer logs
SUMMARY:
- [INS-21003] Installer has detected that an invalid inventory pointer location file was specified..
oraInstall<date>_<time>.err log shows:
---# Begin Stacktrace #---------------------------
ID: oracle.install.commons.util.exception.DefaultErrorAdvisor:37
oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.InstallerException: [INS-10102] Installer initialization failed.
    at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.run(Installer.java:324)
    at oracle.install.ivw.common.util.OracleInstaller.run(OracleInstaller.java:106)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.run(DBInstaller.java:142)
    at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:921)
    at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:165)
    at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:182)
    at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:355)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:130)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:161)
Caused by: oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.SetupDriverException: [INS-21003] Installer has detected that an invalid inventory pointer location file was specified.
    at oracle.install.driver.oui.OUIInstallDriver.load(OUIInstallDriver.java:389)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBSetupDriver.load(DBSetupDriver.java:223)
    at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.run(Installer.java:306)
    ... 8 more
---# End Stacktrace #-----------------------------

CHANGES

CAUSE
oraInst.loc does not exist, depending on platform this should be either /etc or /var/opt/oracle and user installing product does not have W permission in either /etc or /var/opt/oracle, depending on platform, to create oraInst.loc
Corrupt Central Inventory (oraInventory)
Invalid/missing entries in the oraInst.loc file

The inventory directory is not writable by the user installing the software
Corrupt software/improper unzip
SOLUTION
In Windows, you need to know (a) that inst_loc is in the registry and (b) that there is one inst_loc for 64-bit software & another for 32-bit software.
Ref: Note 1388380.1 How to Find the Location of Central Inventory for Both the 32 bit and 64 bit Database/Client Installation on Microsoft Windows x64 (64-bit) Server?

1) Missing oraInst.loc
Manually create oraInst as root (must be in /etc or /var/opt/oracle depending on platform)

edit oraInst.loc

insert:
  inventory_loc=<some directory structure outside of ORACLE_HOME>/oraInventory
  inst_group=<group designated at install to manage inventory>

For example:

login as root user
% cd /etc or /var/opt/oracle (depending on platform)
% vi oraInst.loc
add entries:
inventory_loc=/u04/app/oracle/product/oraInventory
inst_group=dba
save file
Set permissions on file so the oracle user has read permissions.  For example:
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root      56 May 28 16:24 oraInst.loc

Restart the OUI
2) Corrupt Central Inventory
Recreate Central Inventory per:
Document 556834.1 Steps To Recreate Central Inventory(oraInventory) In RDBMS Homes
3) Invalid/missing entries in the oraInst.loc file
Check the oraInst.loc file located in either /etc or /var/opt/oracle only contains the following entries:
% cd /etc or /var/opt/oracle (depending on platform)
% cat oraInst.loc
Entries should be:
inventory_loc=<some directory structure outside of ORACLE_HOME>/oraInventory
inst_group=<group designated at install to manage inventory>
4) Ensure the $ORACLE_HOME/inventory directory and files can be updated by the OS user installing the patch