本帖最后由 denglj 于 2022-4-16 19:31 编辑
1、系统配置
1.1、系统版本[root@dbserver~]# cat /etc/redhat-release Red HatEnterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo) 1.2、禁用SELinux[root@dbserver~]# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/"/etc/selinux/config 1.3、创建用户与组# groupaddoinstall # groupadd dba # groupadd oper # useradd -goinstall -G dba,oper oracle # echo oracle_4U|passwd --stdin oracle 1.4、创建安装目录[root@dbserver~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle [root@dbserver~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory [root@dbserver~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata [root@dbserver~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area [root@dbserver~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/ [root@dbserver~]# chmod -R 755 /u01/app/ 1.5、修改内核参数# cat <<EOF>>/etc/sysctl.conf kernel.shmmax =277495689510912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000100 128 net.core.rmem_default =262144 net.core.rmem_max =4194304 net.core.wmem_default =262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall =4294967296 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse =1 net.core.somaxconn =262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans= 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog= 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries= 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout= 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time= 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes= 6 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl= 5 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps= 0 fs.aio-max-nr= 1048576 EOF # /sbin/sysctl -p 1.6、修改系统限制# cat <<EOF>>/etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 EOF 修改会话限制 # cat<<EOF>>/etc/pam.d/login session required/lib64/security/pam_limits.so EOF 1.7、修改环境变量# su - oracle $ cat <<EOF>>.bash_profile export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib EOF $ source.bash_profile 1.8、添加全局变量[root@dbserver ~]# cat <<EOF>>/etc/profile exportPATH=$PATH:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin EOF [root@dbserver ~]# source /etc/profile 1.9、配置yum源# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt # cat<<EOF>>/etc/yum.repos.d/oel7.repo [oel7] name=oel7 baseurl=file:///mnt enable=1 gpgcheck=0 EOF # yum makecache 1.10、安装包# yum install -y bc binutilselfutils-libelf glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libXrender libX11 libXau libXilibXtst libgcc libstdc++ libxcb make policycoreutils policycoreutils-pythonsmartmontools sysstat gcc libaio-devel elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 # rpm -q bc binutils elfutils-libelf glibc glibc-devel kshlibaio libXrender libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libgcc libstdc++ libxcb makepolicycoreutils policycoreutils-python smartmontools sysstat gcc libaio-develelfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC*.i686unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 1.11、安装包上传安装包 [root@dbserver ~]# mkdir /soft sftp>cd /soft sftp>lcd F:\installmedium\11g sftp>put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip sftp>put p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip [oracle@dbserver soft]$ cd/soft 解压安装包 [oracle@dbserver soft]$ ls *.zip | xargs -n1unzip -o –q 解压后在/soft/database/response目录下有三个.rsp文件 文件作用分别是： db_install.rsp：安装应答 dbca.rsp：创建数据库应答 netca.rsp：建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答 [oracle@dbserver database]$ cd response/ [oracle@dbserver response]$ ll total 80 -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 44533 Aug27 2013 dbca.rsp -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 25116 Aug 27 2013 db_install.rsp -rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5871 Aug 27 2013 netca.rsp
1.12、修改应答文件[oracle@dbserver response]$cp db_install.rsp db_install_bak.rsp [oracle@dbserver response]$ vi db_install.rsp 说明：按照如下参数修改 [oracle@dbserver response]$ less/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp |grep -v "#"|grep -v"^$" oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=dbserver 主机名 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #指定oracle inventory目录的所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oralnventory #指定产品清单oracle inventory目录路径,如果是Win平台下可以省略 SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW #指定数据库语言，选择多个时用逗号隔开。选择en, zh_CN,zh_TW (英文和简体中文和繁体中文) ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1#设置ORALCE_HOME的路径 ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #设置ORALCE_BASE的路径 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #选择Oracle安装数据库软件的版本（企业版，标准版，标准版1），不同的版本功能不同 oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #指定拥有OSDBA、OSOPER权限的用户组，通常会是dba组 oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= # 如果是RAC的安装，在这里指定所有的节点 oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall= oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #选择数据库的用途，一般用途/事物处理，数据仓库 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl#指定GlobalName oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #指定SID oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8#通常中文选择的有ZHS16GBK简体中文库，建议选择unicode的AL32UTF8国际字符集 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true# 11g的新特性自动内存管理，SGA_TARGET和PAG_AGGREGATE_TARGET都不用设置，Oracle会自动调整大小 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500#指定Oracle自动管理内存的大小，最小是256MB，通常为物理内存的40% oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false #是否载入模板示例 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true #是否启用安全设置 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle_4U #设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码，其它数据库用户就不用单独设置 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL #数据库本地管理工具DB_CONTROL，远程集中管理工具GRID_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= #GRID_CONTROL需要设定grid control的远程路径URL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false #设置自动备份，和OUI里的自动备份一样。 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE #自动备份，要求指定使用的文件系统还是ASM存放数据库文件 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/u01/app/oracle/oradata#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定数据文件、控制文件、Redo log的存放目录 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定备份恢复目录 oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= #使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定存放的磁盘组 oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= #使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定ASM实例密码 MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= #指定metalink账户用户名 MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= #指定metalink账户密码 SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false #用户是否可以设置metalink密码 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true注意：在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个BUG, Response File中必须指定为true，否则会提示错误,不管是否正确填写了邮件地址 PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD= PROXY_REALM= COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL= oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= 说明：修改完参数后，重启主机开始安装 2、安装数据库[oracle@dbserverresponse]$ cd /soft/database [oracle@dbserverdatabase]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp 说明：此处也可用 ./runInstaller-silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -showProgress -responseFile/opt/database/response/db_install.rsp StartingOracle Universal Installer... Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120MB. Actual 43197 MB Passed Checking swap space: must be greater than 150MB. Actual 10238 MB Passed Preparing to launch Oracle UniversalInstaller from /tmp/OraInstall2022-04-01_07-05-05PM. Please wait...[oracle@dbserver database]$ [oracle@dbserver database]$ [WARNING][INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements. CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs fordetails./tmp/OraInstall2022-04-01_08-28-07PM/installActions2022-04-01_08-28-07PM.log ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log:/tmp/OraInstall2022-04-01_08-28-07PM/installActions2022-04-01_08-28-07PM.log.Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriateconfiguration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually. You can find the log of this install sessionat: /u01/app/oralnventory/logs/installActions2022-04-01_08-28-07PM.log The installation of Oracle Database 11g wassuccessful. Please check'/u01/app/oralnventory/logs/silentInstall2022-04-01_08-28-07PM.log' for moredetails. As a root user, execute the followingscript(s): 1. /u01/app/oralnventory/orainstRoot.sh 2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Successfully Setup Software. 执行脚本 [root@dbserver ~]#/u01/app/oralnventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of/u01/app/oralnventory. Adding read,write permissions for group. Removing read,write,execute permissions forworld. Changing groupname of /u01/app/oralnventoryto oinstall. The execution of the script is complete. [root@dbserver ~]#/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/install/root_dbserver_2022-04-01_20-34-46.logfor the output of root script 说明：安装过程可查看安装进度 [oracle@dbserver ~]$ tail -f/u01/app/oralnventory/logs/installActions2022-04-01_08-28-07PM.log 3、配置监听[oracle@dbserverdatabase]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile/soft/database/response/netca.rsp Parsingcommand line arguments: Parameter "silent" = true Parameter "responsefile" =/soft/database/response/netca.rsp Doneparsing command line arguments. Oracle NetServices Configuration: Profileconfiguration complete. OracleNet Listener Startup: Running Listener Control: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER Listener Control complete. Listener started successfully. Listenerconfiguration complete. OracleNet Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0 4、创建数据库修改如下文件： [root@dbserver~]# vi /soft/database/response/dbca.rsp GDBNAME ="orcl" //78行 SID="orcl" //149行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //418行 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //428行 开始安装： [oracle@dbserver~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp Enter SYS user password: Enter SYSTEM user password: Copying database files 1% complete 3% complete 11% complete 18% complete 26% complete 37% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 40% complete 45% complete 50% complete 55% complete 56% complete 60% complete 62% complete Completing Database Creation 66% complete 70% complete 73% complete 85% complete 96% complete 100% complete Look at the log file"/u01/app/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details. 5、数据库信息SQL> r 1* selecttablespace_name,file_id,file_name from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME -------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ SYSAUX 2/u01/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf SYSTEM 1/u01/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf UNDOTBS1 3/u01/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf USERS 4/u01/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf SQL> r 1* select namefrom v$controlfile NAME -------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl /u01/app/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl SQL> r 1* select * fromv$logfile GROUP#STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_ ---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------------- --- 3 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/orcl/redo03.log NO 2 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/orcl/redo02.log NO 1 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/orcl/redo01.log NO SQL> select username,user_id,default_tablespace,account_statusfrom dba_users; USERNAME USER_IDDEFAULT_TABLESPACE ACCOUNT_STATUS ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- SYS 0SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM 5 SYSTEM OPEN OUTLN 9SYSTEM EXPIRED& LOCKED MGMT_VIEW 73 SYSTEM EXPIRED & LOCKED FLOWS_FILES 74 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED MDSYS 57SYSAUX EXPIRED &LOCKED ORDSYS 53 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED EXFSYS 42 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED DBSNMP 30 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED WMSYS 32SYSAUX EXPIRED& LOCKED APPQOSSYS 31 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED USERNAME USER_ID DEFAULT_TABLESPACE ACCOUNT_STATUS ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- APEX_030200 77 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED OWBSYS_AUDIT 79 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED ORDDATA 54 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED CTXSYS 43 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED ANONYMOUS 46 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSMAN 71 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED XDB 45SYSAUX EXPIRED& LOCKED ORDPLUGINS 55 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED OWBSYS 78 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA 56 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED OLAPSYS 60 SYSAUX EXPIRED & LOCKED USERNAME USER_IDDEFAULT_TABLESPACE ACCOUNT_STATUS ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- SCOTT 83 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED ORACLE_OCM 21 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED XS$NULL 2147483638 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED MDDATA 64 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED DIP 14USERS EXPIRED& LOCKED APEX_PUBLIC_USER 75 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR 69 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR 66 USERS EXPIRED & LOCKED 30 rows selected.
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发表于 2022-4-16 17:46:14
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