本帖最后由 郑全 于 2017-2-11 11:21 编辑
在分析表的是否有一个参数no_invalidate:缺省值是DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE.
10g中默认是AUTO_INVALIDATE,就是说分析表后,游标不会马上invalidate,已经存在的SQL的执行计划不会受新的统计信息影响。可以手工DDL
invalidate游标。又或者等待隐藏参数_optimizer_invalidation_period(time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects)秒后,
Oracle自动invalidate游标并使SQL能够读取新的统计信息产生新的执行计划。
如果想要dbms_stats分析立马见效,需要使用no_invalidate=false option或者DBA自己手工invalidate游标。
--说明一下,我个人感觉这个参数理解起来很烦,validate表示有效,no_invalidate反了2次,也是表示有效的意思。
dbms_stats收集统计信息时候no_invalidate参数
用于是否与收集相关object的cursor失效,defalut(9i false, 10g dbms_stats.auto_invalidate(既null))
true:当收集完统计信息后,收集对象的cursor不会失效(不会产生新的执行计划,子游标)
false:当收集完统计信息后,收集对象的cursor会立即失效(新的执行计划,新的子游标)
no_invalidate=>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE,分析表后,游标不会马上invalidate,已经存在的SQL的执行计划不会受新的统计信息影响。可以手工
DDL invalidate游标。又或者等待隐藏参数_optimizer_invalidation_period(time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects)秒后,
Oracle自动invalidate游标并使SQL能够读取新的统计信息产生新的执行计划。
缺省隐藏参数_optimizer_invalidation_period设置的时间太长=18000。
再建立一个例子来说明问题:
1.建立测试环境:
SQL> select * from v$version ;
BANNER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionCORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
create table t as select rownum id ,'test' name from dual connect by level <=10000;
create index i_t_id on t(id);
SQL> select dbms_stats.get_param('no_invalidate') from dual;
DBMS_STATS.GET_PARAM('NO_INVALIDATE')
-------------------------------------------------------------
DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE
--可以发现缺省no_invalidate=DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE.
--如果查看dbms_stats文档,可以发现实际上就是等于NULL。
-- oracle decides when to invalidate dependend cursors
AUTO_INVALIDATE CONSTANT BOOLEAN := null;
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'t',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'for all columns size 254',no_invalidate=>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--分析表T,并且在表T上建立直方图。
SQL> select column_name,data_type,histogram from dba_tab_cols where wner=user and table_name='T';
COLUMN_NAME DATA_TYPE HISTOGRAM
------------ ---------- ---------------
ID NUMBER HEIGHT BALANCED
NAME CHAR FREQUENCY
2.测试:
SQL> select * from t where id=10001;
no rows selected
SQL> @dpc
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0yzrd8s6vbfcc, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select * from t where id=10001
Plan hash value: 4153437776
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | E-Rows | Cost (%CPU)|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 2 (100)|| 1
| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 1 | 2 (0)|
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_T_ID | 1 | 1 (0)|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("ID"=10001)
--测试发现可以选择索引。
但是如果我改变id的分布,加入大量id=10001,在分析后是什么情况呢?
SQL> insert into t select 10001 id ,'book' name from dual connect by level<=10000;
10000 rows created.
SQL> commit ;
Commit complete.
3.分析表后在测试:
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(user,'t',cascade=>true,method_opt=>'for all columns size 254',no_invalidate=>DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
--正常按照许多人的理解如果查询:
select * from t where id=10001;
应该不会使用索引,实际情况呢?
select * from t where id=10001;
SQL> @dpc
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0yzrd8s6vbfcc, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select * from t where id=10001
Plan hash value: 4153437776
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | E-Rows | Cost (%CPU)|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 2 (100)|| 1
| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 1 | 2 (0)|
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | I_T_ID | 1 | 1 (0)|
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access("ID"=10001)
--可以发现执行计划并没有因为我们分析表而改变执行计划。
修改语句,select换成大写,再测试可以很好的说明问题:
SQL> @dpc
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0sf1updb7x3xf, child number 0
-------------------------------------
SELECT * from t where id=10001
Plan hash value: 1601196873
--------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | E-Rows | Cost (%CPU)|
--------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 14 (100)|
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 10039 | 14 (0)|
--------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("ID"=10001)
--可以发现执行计划选择全表扫描。
4.而隐藏参数_optimizer_invalidation_period缺省测试=18000.
$ P _optimizer_invalidation_period
NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT_VA SESSION_VALUE SYSTEM_VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------
_optimizer_invalidation_period time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects TRUE 18000 18000
我在.bashrc中定义了一个shell函数P。
P()
{
echo ' '
if [ -z "$1" ];
then sqlplus -S "/ as sysdba" <<EOF
set echo off lin 9999 trimsp on feedb off head on pages 0 newp 0 tab off
col name for a36
col description format a76
col default_value format a10
col session_value format a20
col system_value format a20
select a.ksppinm name, a.ksppdesc DESCRIPTION, b.ksppstdf DEFAULT_VALUE, b.ksppstvl SESSION_VALUE, c.ksppstvl SYSTEM_VALUE
from sys.x\$ksppi a, sys.x\$ksppcv b, sys.x\$ksppsv c
EOF
else
sqlplus -S "/ as sysdba" <<EOF | grep -i $1 -B 2 -A 2
set echo off lin 9999 trimsp on feedb off head on pages 0 newp 0 tab off
col name for a36
col description format a76
col default_value format a10
col session_value format a20
col system_value format a20
select a.ksppinm name, a.ksppdesc DESCRIPTION, b.ksppstdf DEFAULT_VALUE, b.ksppstvl SESSION_VALUE, c.ksppstvl SYSTEM_VALUE
from sys.x\$ksppi a, sys.x\$ksppcv b, sys.x\$ksppsv c
EOF
fi
echo ' '}
18000/3600=5 ,要5个小时后,select * from t where id=10001;执行计划才会变成full 扫描,显然测试不能等这么长时间。
SQL> select sql_id,child_number,executions,parse_calls,loads,invalidations from v$sql
where sql_id ='0yzrd8s6vbfcc';
SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS PARSE_CALLS LOADS INVALIDATIONS
------------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
0yzrd8s6vbfcc 0 2 2 1 0
SQL> alter system set "_optimizer_invalidation_period" = 10 scope=memory;
System altered.
--等待10秒............
SQL> @dpc
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0yzrd8s6vbfcc, child number 1
-------------------------------------
select * from t where id=10001
Plan hash value: 1601196873
--------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | E-Rows | Cost (%CPU)|
--------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | 14 (100)|
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 10039 | 14 (0)|
--------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("ID"=10001)
--可以发现执行计划变成了全表扫描。
SQL> select sql_id,child_number,executions,parse_calls,loads,invalidations from v$sql where sql_id ='0yzrd8s6vbfcc';
SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER EXECUTIONS PARSE_CALLS LOADS INVALIDATIONS
------------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ---------- -------------
0yzrd8s6vbfcc 0 2 2 1 0
0yzrd8s6vbfcc 1 1 1 1 0
--可以发现执行计划生成了新的子光标。
总结:
oracle系统缺省存在自动分析一般在晚上10点分析,而no_invalidate的缺省值正好是DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE.这样缺省分析
DBMS_STATS.AUTO_INVALIDATE,如果处理不好,一些性能问题会延迟出现,在优化SQL应该引起注意。
|