文档课题:UNDO表空间使用率过高的处理方式. 应用场景:UNDO表空间使用率过高,想必很多数据库管理员都遇到过此问题,接下来了解undo表空间的相关知识. 1、undo块使用情况SQL>select status,sum(bytes/1024/1024) from dba_undo_extents group by status; STATUS SUM(BYTES/1024/1024) -------------------------------------- EXPIRED 21.25 UNEXPIRED 10 2、当前undo空闲SQL> selecttablespace_name,sum(bytes/1024/1024) from dba_free_space wheretablespace_name='UNDOTBS1' group by tablespace_name TABLESPACE_NAME SUM(BYTES/1024/1024) ---------------------------------------- UNDOTBS1 157.75 3、表空间情况SQL>set line 200 SQL>col GRAPH for a50 SQL>col tablespace for a20 SQL> select total.ts tablespace, total.mb total_mb, to_char(trunc(total.mb -nvl(free.mb,0),2),'fm999990.0999') used_MB, NVL(free.mb,0) free_mb, DECODE(total.mb,NULL,0,NVL(ROUND((total.mb -free.mb)/(total.mb)*100,2),100)) pct_used, CASE WHEN (total.mb IS NULL) THEN'['||RPAD(LPAD('OFFLINE',13,'-'),20,'-')||']' ELSE '['|| DECODE(free.mb, null,'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX', NVL(RPAD(LPAD('X',trunc((100-ROUND( (free.mb)/(total.mb) * 100,2))/5),'X'),20,'-'), '--------------------'))||']' END as GRAPH from (select tablespace_name ts,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mb from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) total, (select tablespace_name ts,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mb from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) free where total.ts=free.ts(+) UNION ALL select t3.tn tablespace, t3.bytes total_mb, to_char(trunc(t3.bytes -nvl(t4.bytes,0),2),'fm999990.0999') used_mb, t4.bytes free_mb, ROUND(((to_char(trunc(t3.bytes -nvl(t4.bytes,0),2),'fm999990.0999'))/t3.bytes)*100,2) pct_used, CASE WHEN (t3.bytes ISNULL) THEN '['||RPAD(LPAD('OFFLINE',13,'-'),20,'-')||']' ELSE '['|| DECODE(t4.bytes, null,'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX', NVL(RPAD(LPAD('X',trunc((100-ROUND( (t4.bytes)/(t3.bytes) * 100,2))/5),'X'),20,'-'), '--------------------'))||']' end asgraph FROM(select tablespace_name tn,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 bytes from dba_temp_files groupby tablespace_name) t3, (select tablespace_name tn,sum(bytes_cached)/1024/1024bytes from v$temp_extent_pool group by tablespace_name) t4 wheret3.tn = t4.tn(+) order by5 Desc; TABLESPACE TOTAL_MB USED_MB FREE_MB PCT_USED GRAPH ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ TEMP 97 97 0 100 [XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX] SYSTEM 1080 1065.625 14.375 98.67[XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-] SYSAUX 1400 1303 97 93.07 [XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX--] USERS 18.75 6.4375 12.3125 34.33[XXXXXX--------------] UNDOTBS1 190 32.25 157.75 16.97[XXX-----------------] TSP_ORDADM1 200 4 196 2 [--------------------] TEST 150 2.625 147.375 1.75[--------------------] TSP_ORDADM 800 1 799 .13 [--------------------] 已选择 8 行. 4、undo_retention自动调整undo表空间使用率跟undo_retention的值有关,保留时间越长unexpired越大,进而undo表空间就越大.从oracle10g r2开始,oracle默认是开启undo表空间的自动调整功能,目的在于避免频繁的ora-01555告警发生.意思是oracle会忽略undo_retention参数设置的阀值,而是根据undo表空间的大小和使用率来自动调整undo信息的保留时间. 通过视图v$undostat.tuned_undoretention可查询该值是否有被自动调整,以下查询语句: SQL>select to_char(begin_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(end_time,'yyyy-mm-ddhh24:mi:ss'),tuned_undoretention from v$undostat TO_CHAR(BEGIN_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:TO_CHAR(END_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DDHH24:MI:SS TUNED_UNDORETENTION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- 2022-04-2110:10:01 2022-04-2110:20:01 900 2022-04-2110:00:01 2022-04-2110:10:01 900 2022-04-2109:50:01 2022-04-2110:00:01 2334 2022-04-2109:40:01 2022-04-2109:50:01 2330 2022-04-2109:30:01 2022-04-21 09:40:01 1726 2022-04-2109:20:01 2022-04-2109:30:01 1121 2022-04-2109:10:01 2022-04-2109:20:01 900 2022-04-2109:00:01 2022-04-2109:10:01 900 已选择 33 行. 结论:以上可看出,undo_retention值有被自动调整到2334s. 5、相关知识undo被使用顺序. 事务会优先使用undo空闲空间、过期状态(expired)的undo区,然后才会尝试扩展表空间数据文件.在以上步骤都不能获得undo表空间后,才会去使用未过期(unexpired)的undo区. oracle主要通过以下方式回收undoextend,使其成为undo表空间的空闲空间: a、smon进程周期性地回收过期状态的undoextent,对于offline的undo段,会回收所有过期的undoextent.对于online的undo段,回收时会根据undo_retention时间和undo块的使用率来确定回收的数量.undo_retention越大,能回收的undo空间就越小. b、进程在给事务分配undo块时,会回收多余过期状态的undoextent.因此,如果系统未过期的undo extent越多,这部分undo块就不会返回给undo表空间而成为空闲空间,导致undo表空间已分配空间一直很多,同时使用率也会显示很高. 6、解决方案为避免undo表空间使用率过高,可采取以下措施: a、降低undo_retention值 b、增加undo表空间数据文件 c、修改隐藏参数_undo_autotune=false来禁用自动undo保留调整功能 alter system set"_undo_autotune"=false scope=both sid='*'; d、设置隐藏参数_sum_debug_mode alter system set "_sum_debug_mode"=33554432; e、若undo_retention参数值在10800以下,建议设置为10800. alter system set undo_retention=10800;
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