SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
2.关闭数据库后启动至mount状态
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
3.在命令行中输入nid命令进行修改，修改成功后数据库会自动关闭
nid target=/ DBNAME=<新名字>
例如：
[oracle@CJQYY dbs]$ nid target=/ DBNAME=webemrcs
DBNEWID: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jul 24 23:28:21 2026
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to database PTDB (DBID=1833283942)
Connected to server version 19.19.0
Control Files in database:
/data/webemrcs/control01.ctl
/data/webemrcs/control02.ctl
Change database ID and database name PTDB to WEBEMRCS? (Y/[N]) => Y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 1833283942 to 140534101
Changing database name from PTDB to WEBEMRCS
Control File /data/webemrcs/control01.ctl - modified
Control File /data/webemrcs/control02.ctl - modified
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/system.268.113823270 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/sysaux.261.113823273 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/undotbs1.264.113823275 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/system.312.113823326 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/sysaux.311.113823326 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/users.267.113823275 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/undotbs1.310.113823326 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/undotbs2.308.113823347 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/system.302.113823839 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/sysaux.304.113823839 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/undotbs1.303.113823839 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/csformbasic.300.113823863 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/csformbus.299.113823863 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/csformbushisdata.331.113823863 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/csformcontenthisdata.332.113823864 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/maaihisdata.333.113823864 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/meddocbase.334.113823865 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/meddocbus.335.113823865 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/meddocbushisdata.336.113823865 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/meddoccontenthisdata.337.113823866 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/med_i_doc.338.113823866 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/scoresbushisdata.340.113823867 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/scorescontenthisdata.341.113823867 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zlemrbushisdata.342.113823868 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zlemrcontenthisdata.343.113823868 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_basic_config.344.113823868 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_maai.345.113823869 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_qcrule.346.113823870 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_scores.347.113823871 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_zlemr.348.113823872 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/users.350.113823940 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/undo_2.351.113824333 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_zlemr02.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_zlemr03.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_zlemr04.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/zl_zlemr05.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/csformbus02.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/temp.309.113823328 - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/temp.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/temp02.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/tempb.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /data/webemrcs/datafile/temp_new.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File /data/webemrcs/control01.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File /data/webemrcs/control02.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
Instance shut down
Database name changed to WEBEMRCS.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database WEBEMRCS changed to 140534101.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.