根据MOS 文档 2040705.1：
Lockout of all database authenticated users getting error ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied (Doc ID 2040705.1）
查询用户的PASSWORD_VERSIONS：
SQL> select username, password_versions from dba_users where password_versions is not null;
USERNAME PASSWORD_VERSIONS
------------------------------ -----------------
SYS 11G 12C
SYSTEM 11G 12C
TEST 11G 12C
With this solution you will also need to change the user password again so the DBA_USERS.PASSWORD_VERSIONS will get a 10G value, however the DES based verifiers are outdated and should only be used in exceptional cases when legacy client applications still need it.
需要再次修改密码
alter user TEST identified by oracle;
SQL> select username, password_versions from dba_users where password_versions is not null;
USERNAME PASSWORD_VERSIONS
------------------------------ -----------------
SYS 11G 12C
SYSTEM 11G 12C
TEST 10G 11G 12C