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标题: oracle中constraint的enable validate、enable novalidate、disable validate、dis... [打印本页]
作者: denglj 时间: 2022-11-28 19:13
标题: oracle中constraint的enable validate、enable novalidate、disable validate、dis...
文档课题:oracle中constraint的enablevalidate、enable novalidate、disablevalidate、disable novalidate解析.
1、概念oracle完整性约束为以下四种状态:
enablevalidate:开启约束检查所有存在的数据
enablenovalidate:开启约束不检查已存在的数据
disablevalidate:禁用约束,删除约束上的索引并禁止对约束列进行任何dml操作
disablenovalidate:与禁用约束一样,不检查以后的数据
2、测试环境:oracle 19.12 + 多租户
2.1、外键测试SQL>conn ora1/ora1@orclpdb;
Connected.
SQL>create table p_table (id number(10,2),
2 name varchar2(20));
Tablecreated.
SQL>insert into p_table values (1,'leo');
1 rowcreated.
--给p_table表增加主键约束.
SQL>alter table p_table add constraint pk_ptable_id primary key (id);
Tablealtered.
SQL>create table f_table(id number(10,2),
2 name varchar2(20));
Tablecreated.
SQL>insert into f_table values (1,'alina');
1 rowcreated.
--给f_table表增加外键
SQL>alter table f_table add constraint fk_ftable_id foreign key (id) referencesp_table(id);
Tablealtered.
SQL>insert into f_table values (2,'liujun');
insertinto f_table values (2,'liujun')
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-02291:integrity constraint (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID) violated - parent key not
found
说明:向f_table表insert数据,报错:在父表中未找到父项关键字,违反完整性约束条件ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID.
--disablenovalidate禁用完整性约束ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID
SQL>alter table f_table disable novalidate constraint fk_ftable_id;
Tablealtered.
SQL>insert into f_table values (2,'liujun');
1 rowcreated.
SQL>select * from f_table;
ID NAME
------------------------------
1 alina
2 liujun
SQL>alter table f_table enable validate constraint fk_ftable_id;
altertable f_table enable validate constraint fk_ftable_id
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-02298:cannot validate (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID) - parent keys not found
说明:添加完数据后,enablevalidate重新激活约束FK_FTABLE_ID,报错无法验证ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID,未在父项中找到关键字.
异常原因:enablevalidate会检查已存在的数据是否满足完整性约束.
--使用enablenovalidate激活约束,旨在不检查此前存在的数据.
SQL>alter table f_table enable novalidate constraint fk_ftable_id;
Tablealtered.
小结:外键可直接通过enablenovalidate激活失效的完整性约束.
2.2、主键测试SQL>select * from p_table;
ID NAME
------------------------------
1 leo
SQL>alter table p_table disable novalidate primary key;
altertable p_table disable novalidate primary key
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-02297:cannot disable constraint (ORA1.PK_PTABLE_ID) - dependencies exist
说明:disablenovalidate无法直接禁用主键,因为存在外键引用该主键.
--先使用disablevalidate使外键失效
SQL>alter table f_table disable validate constraint fk_ftable_id;
altertable f_table disable validate constraint fk_ftable_id
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-02298:cannot validate (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID) - parent keys not found
SQL>select * from f_table;
ID NAME
------------------------------
1 alina
2 liujun
SQL>delete from f_table where id=2;
1 rowdeleted.
SQL>alter table f_table disable validate constraint fk_ftable_id;
Tablealtered.
--使用disablevalidate后,验证索引以及是否禁止对约束列的任何dml操作
SQL>update f_table set id=2 where name='alina';
updatef_table set id=2 where name='alina'
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-25128:No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID)
disabledand validated
SQL>delete from f_table where id=1;
deletefrom f_table where id=1
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-25128:No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID)
disabledand validated
SQL>insert into f_table values (2,'liujun');
insertinto f_table values (2,'liujun')
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-25128:No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (ORA1.FK_FTABLE_ID)
disabledand validated
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name,table_type from user_indexes wheretable_name='F_TABLE';
no rowsselected
说明:使用disablevalidate后,索引被删除,同时约束列也无法执行dml操作.
--外键disablevalidate后,处理主键.
SQL>alter table p_table disable novalidate primary key;
Tablealtered.
SQL>insert into p_table values (1,'paul');
1 rowcreated.
SQL>select * from p_table;
ID NAME
------------------------------
1 leo
1 paul
SQL>alter table p_table enable novalidate primary key;
altertable p_table enable novalidate primary key
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-02437:cannot validate (ORA1.PK_PTABLE_ID) - primary key violated
说明:主键列无法使用enablenovalidate直接激活主键.
--主键对应的索引PK_PTABLE_ID查询不到
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name,table_type,table_owner fromuser_indexes where table_name='P_TABLE';
no rowsselected
--p_table表重新创建索引
SQL>create index pk_ptable_id02 on p_table (id);
Indexcreated.
SQL>select * from p_table;
ID NAME
------------------------------
1 leo
1 paul
SQL>alter table p_table enable novalidate primary key;
Tablealtered.
说明:添加索引后,主键成功被激活.
SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name,table_type,table_owner fromuser_indexes where table_name='P_TABLE'
INDEX_NAME INDEX_TYPE TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE TABLE_OWNER
----------------------------------- --------------- ----------- ---------------
PK_PTABLE_ID02 NORMAL P_TABLE TABLE ORA1
总结:novalidate在外键可以正常激活,但对于主键需要先创建相关索引才能重新激活.
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