装环境及过程参考http://blog.itpub.net/28536251/viewspace-1689235/。
安装完成后，重启操作系统，启动ASM实例报错如下：
[grid@oragrid ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jun 7 16:21:31 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services
CRS-4000: Command Check failed, or completed with errors.
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services
切换到root用户执行启动init.ohasd
[root@oragrid ~]# /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run &
[1] 8865
在切换到grid用户check
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl stat resource -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE OFFLINE oragrid
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE OFFLINE oragrid STARTING
ora.asm
ONLINE OFFLINE oragrid Instance Shutdown
ora.ons
OFFLINE OFFLINE oragrid
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE STARTING
原来是开机启动的init.ohasd没有起作用，重新启动一次就好了，也可以直接杀掉该进程，会自动重新生成一个。
[root@oragrid ~]# ps -ef | grep init.ohasd
root 972 1 0 22:01 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run
root 2474 2450 0 22:04 pts/0 00:00:00 grep init.ohasd
[root@oragrid ~]# kill -9 972
[root@oragrid ~]# ps -ef | grep init.ohasd
root 2538 1 0 22:05 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run
root 2638 2450 0 22:05 pts/0 00:00:00 grep init.ohasd
[root@oragrid ~]# su - grid
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.diskmon ora....on.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd ora.evm.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.ons ora.ons.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
再进入sqlplus就可以看到ASM实例已经启动了。但是每次操作系统重启都会出现这个问题，上述方法治标不治本，且没有找到最终的原因，请教高手解决。
在网上找到这篇文章，http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/8207629，说这个问题是11.2.0.1的bug，但是我现在安装的版本是11.2.0.4，使用这篇文章的解决办法，在root用户下执行下面的命令：
[root@oragrid ~]# /bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
^C0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 13.6369 s, 0.0 kB/s
然后在grid用户下查看has和css状态，可以看到已经启动了
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.FRA.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.cssd ora.cssd.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.diskmon ora....on.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd ora.evm.type ONLINE ONLINE oragrid
ora.ons ora.ons.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.stone.db ora....se.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
居然这个方法管用，但是系统重启后问题依旧，难道这个bug在11.2.0.4还存在吗？按理应该不存在，你多等一下看。
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