linux / 目录树各子目录到底是什么含义，可以通过
man hier 来查询，下面是例子：
HIER(7) Linux Programmer's Manual HIER(7)
NAME
hier - description of the file system hierarchy
DESCRIPTION
A typical Linux system has, among others, the following directories:
/ This is the root directory. This is where the whole tree starts.
/bin This directory contains executable programs which are needed in single user mode and to bring the system up or repair it.
/boot Contains static files for the boot loader. This directory holds only the files which are needed during the boot process. The map installer and
configuration files should go to /sbin and /etc.
/dev Special or device files, which refer to physical devices. See mknod(1).
/etc Contains configuration files which are local to the machine. Some larger software packages, like X11, can have their own subdirectories below
/etc. Site-wide configuration files may be placed here or in /usr/etc. Nevertheless, programs should always look for these files in /etc and
you may have links for these files to /usr/etc.
/etc/opt
Host-specific configuration files for add-on applications installed in /opt.
/etc/sgml
This directory contains the configuration files for SGML and XML (optional).
/etc/skel
When a new user account is created, files from this directory are usually copied into the user's home directory.
/etc/X11
Configuration files for the X11 window system (optional).
/home On machines with home directories for users, these are usually beneath this directory, directly or not. The structure of this directory depends
on local administration decisions.
/lib This directory should hold those shared libraries that are necessary to boot the system and to run the commands in the root file system.
/media This directory contains mount points for removable media such as CD and DVD disks or USB sticks.
/mnt This directory is a mount point for a temporarily mounted file system. In some distributions, /mnt contains subdirectories intended to be used
as mount points for several temporary file systems.
/opt This directory should contain add-on packages that contain static files.
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