故障现象：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl10g.ora'
原理：在oracle9i和oracle10g中，数据库默认将使用spfile启动数据库，如果spfile不存在，则就会出现上述错误。
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解决办法：
方法一：将$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile目录下的init.ora.0212012125517形式的文件copy到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下initoracl.ora即可。（注：initoracl.ora中的oracl为你的实例名 ORACLE_SID，这里我的SID为：orcl10g）
方法二：将$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下spflieoracl.ora改名为spfileorcl10g.ora即可。（注：spfileorcl10g.ora中的orcl10g为环境变量中设置的SID，我的是orcl10g）
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故障：
[root@RHEL5 ~]# su – oracle
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu May 30 07:33:10 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/app/product/10g/db_1/dbs/initoracle.ora'
解决：
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ find /u01 -name pfile //查看pfile位置
/u01/ora/admin/orcl/pfile
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ ls -l /u01/app/admin/orcl/pfile
total 4
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1909 Jan 21 12:45 init.ora.0212012125517
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$
cp /u01/ora/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/ //把pfile下的init.ora
复制/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora并改名为initorc1.ora
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ cp /u01/app/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.0212012125517 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorc1.ora
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ ls -l /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
[root@localhost dbs]# ll
总计 52
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 1544 05-28 09:06 hc_oracle.dat
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 12920 2001-05-03 initdw.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 8385 1998-09-11 init.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle dba 799 2013-05-30 oracleinit.ora
[oracle@RHEL5 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 21 13:26:28 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
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